
In 1940 a version of the play was produced on Broadway by the Theater Guild.

The play was slated for production in 1938, but setbacks with the Broadway producers delayed production. The play was poorly received upon publication and has been overshadowed by many of the short stories in the anthology. Its main character, Philip Rawlings, is an American-born secret agent for the Second Spanish Republic. The Fifth Column is set during the Spanish Civil War. Many of the stories included in the collection appear in other collections, including In Our Time, Men Without Women, Winner Take Nothing and The Snows of Kilimanjaro.

It contains Hemingway's only full-length play, The Fifth Column, and 49 short stories. The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories is an anthology of writings by Ernest Hemingway published by Scribner's on October 14, 1938.
